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Managing erosion in rehabilitated bauxite mine soils using the SIBERIA landform evolution model
Faron C. Mengler1, G.R. Hancock2, Bob Gilkes1 and C. Grant3
1School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia. Email: fmengler@agric.uwa.edu.au
2School of Geosciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
3Alcoa World Alumina Australia, PO Box 252, Applecross, WA 6953, Australia.
Abstract
The reinstatement of a self-sustaining jarrah forest following bauxite mining requires a stable soil/landscape. In the high rainfall zone of the Darling Ranges, southwest Australia bulldozers are used to contour-rip the final land surface of former opencast bauxite mines. Contour-ripping forms the soil into a series of continuous micro-banks perpendicular to the slope of the land. This is the final step of the soil rebuilding process. In a properly landscaped mine the contour banks (30-40cm high at 1.5m spacing) reduce the velocity of overland flow and increase infiltration of water into the soil such that erosion is minimal. Despite these measures some areas suffer erosion scours and gullies due to steep local topography, unstable soil materials and/or concentrated water flow. Taipan 10, a rehabilitated bauxite mine slope with severe gully erosion of known age was studied to determine probable causes of gully initiation and subsequent rates of soil loss. These data were used to calibrate the SIBERIA landform evolution model. SIBERIA was then used to compare the erosion potential of eight hillslope steepness categories using five surface roughness treatments including: normal contour ripping, multiple-tine ripping, interceptor drains, “moonscaping” and terracing. Soil loss predictions (tonnes/hectare/year) and type of erosion (i.e. slope wash or gullies) together with DEM visualizations of the eroded landscapes are arranged into a lookup table. A landscape design with an optimum finished soil surface for Taipan 10 is discussed.   
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