Phalaris minor, a winter annual non-native weed of Mediterranean origin, has been well established in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields. It adversely affects wheat growth and yield of P. minor. Unharvested stalks and straw of rice (Oryza sativa L.) left in the field generally interfere with the growth of the next season crop. We hypothesize that allelopathic potential of rice straw might suppress P. minor growth. The role of allelopathy in suppressing P. minor growth and its implication in agroecosystem are discussed.